soma austria
Instagram
Jetzt spenden

Terminology and morphological characteristics of anorectal landmarks related to surgery for Hirschsprung’s disease

Underlying literature:

  • Bischoff A, Frischer J, Knod JL, Dickie B, Levitt MA, Holder M, Jackson L, Peña A. Damaged anal canal as a cause of fecal incontinence after surgical repair for Hirschsprung disease – a preventable and under-reported complication. J Pediatr Surg. 2017 Apr;52(4):549-553. doi: 10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2016.08.027. Epub 2016 Sep 4. PMID: 27624566.
  • Bjørnland K, Pakarinen MP, Stenstrøm P, Stensrud KJ, Neuvonen M, Granström AL, Graneli C, Pripp AH, Arnbjörnsson E, Emblem R, Wester T, Rintala RJ; Nordic Pediatric Surgery Study Consortium. A Nordic multicenter survey of long-term bowel function after transanal endorectal pull-through in 200 patients with rectosigmoid Hirschsprung disease. J Pediatr Surg. 2017 Sep;52(9):1458-1464. doi: 10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2017.01.001. Epub 2017 Jan 5. PMID: 28094015.
  • Broens PM, Penninckx FM, Ochoa JB. Fecal continence revisited: the anal external sphincter continence reflex. Dis Colon Rectum. 2013 Nov;56(11):1273-81. doi: 10.1097/DCR.0b013e3182a42d16. PMID: 24105003.
  • De la Torre L, Cogley K, Santos K, Morales O, Calisto J. The anal canal is the fine line between “fecal incontinence and colitis” after a pull-through for Hirschsprung disease. J Pediatr Surg. 2017 Dec;52(12):2011-2017. doi: 10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2017.08.040. Epub 2017 Sep 4. PMID: 28941931.
  • De La Torre L, Langer JC. Transanal endorectal pull-through for Hirschsprung disease: technique, controversies, pearls, pitfalls, and an organized approach to the management of postoperative obstructive symptoms. Semin Pediatr Surg. 2010 May;19(2):96-106. doi: 10.1053/j.sempedsurg.2009.11.016. PMID: 20307846.
  • De La Torre L, Wehrli LA. Error traps and culture of safety in Hirschsprung disease. Semin Pediatr Surg. 2019 Jun;28(3):151-159. doi: 10.1053/j.sempedsurg.2019.04.013. Epub 2019 Apr 25. PMID: 31171150. author-authorized German translation: https://www.soma-ev.de/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/Fehlerquellen-und-Sicherheitskultur-MH-Seiten-aus-SoMAGAZIN_01_23_web.pdf, accessed 4.3.2026
  • De la Torre-Mondragón L, Ortega-Salgado JA. Transanal endorectal pull-through for Hirschsprung’s disease. J Pediatr Surg. 1998 Aug;33(8):1283-6. doi: 10.1016/s0022-3468(98)90169-5. PMID: 9722005.
  • den Hollander VEC, Trzpis M, Broens PMA. The contribution of descending intramural nerves to regulation of anal sensibility: new insights for anorectal surgery. Br J Surg. 2024 Jan 3;111(1):znad439. doi: 10.1093/bjs/znad439. PMID: 38265811.
  • Fuchs O, Booss D. Rehbein’s procedure for Hirschsprung’s disease. An appraisal of 45 years. Eur J Pediatr Surg. 1999 Dec;9(6):389-91. doi: 10.1055/s-2008-1072289. PMID: 10661849.
  • Georgeson KE, Cohen RD, Hebra A, Jona JZ, Powell DM, Rothenberg SS, Tagge EP. Primary laparoscopic-assisted endorectal colon pull-through for Hirschsprung’s disease: a new gold standard. Ann Surg. 1999 May;229(5):678-82; discussion 682-3. doi: 10.1097/00000658-199905000-00010. PMID: 10235526; PMCID: PMC1420812.
  • Georgeson KE, Fuenfer MM, Hardin WD. Primary laparoscopic pull-through for Hirschsprung’s disease in infants and children. J Pediatr Surg. 1995 Jul;30(7):1017-21; discussion 1021-2. doi: 10.1016/0022-3468(95)90333-x. PMID: 7472924.
  • Gołębiewski A, Anzelewicz S, Sosińska D, Osajca-Kanyion M. Transanal Endorectal Pull-Through for Hirschsprung’s Disease: Complications and Lessons from Our Practice and the Literature. Children (Basel). 2024 Aug 29;11(9):1059. doi: 10.3390/children11091059. PMID: 39334591; PMCID: PMC11430751.
  • Gosemann JH, Friedmacher F, Ure B, Lacher M. Open versus transanal pull-through for Hirschsprung disease: a systematic review of long-term outcome. Eur J Pediatr Surg. 2013 Apr;23(2):94-102. doi: 10.1055/s-0033-1343085. Epub 2013 Apr 9. PMID: 23572464.
  • Horaczek 2024 see https://www.falter.at/zeitung/20241217/wurden-dutzende-kinder-in-wien-falsch-operiert , in German, accessed 5.3.2026 Ishihara M, Yamataka A, Kaneyama K, Koga H, Kobayashi H, Lane GJ, Miyano T. Prospective analysis of primary modified Georgeson’s laparoscopy-assisted endorectal pull-through for Hirschsprung’s disease: short- to mid-term results. Pediatr Surg Int. 2005 Nov;21(11):878-82. doi: 10.1007/s00383-005-1506-6. PMID: 16133514.
  • Jonker JE, Trzpis M, Broens PMA. Fecal Continence for Solid and Liquid Stool: The Function of the Anal-External Sphincter Continence Reflex and the Puborectal Continence Reflex. Dis Colon Rectum. 2020 Oct;63(10):1419-1426. doi: 10.1097/DCR.0000000000001615. PMID: 32969885.
  • Kaul A, Garza JM, Connor FL, Cocjin JT, Flores AF, Hyman PE, Di Lorenzo C. Colonic hyperactivity results in frequent fecal soiling in a subset of children after surgery for Hirschsprung disease. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2011 Apr;52(4):433-6. doi: 10.1097/MPG.0b013e3181efe551. PMID: 21240024.
  • Krois W, Reck CA, Darbari A, Badillo A, Levitt  M: A technique to reconstruct the anal sphincters following iatrogenic stretching related to a pull-through for Hirschsprung disease, Journal of Pediatric Surgery, Volume 56, Issue 6, 2021, Pages 1242-1246, ISSN 0022-3468, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2020.12.007.
  • Kyrklund K, Sloots CEJ, de Blaauw I, Bjørnland K, Rolle U, Cavalieri D, Francalanci P, Fusaro F, Lemli A, Schwarzer N, Fascetti-Leon F, Thapar N, Johansen LS, Berrebi D, Hugot JP, Crétolle C, Brooks AS, Hofstra RM, Wester T, Pakarinen MP. ERNICA guidelines for the management of rectosigmoid Hirschsprung’s disease. Orphanet J Rare Dis. 2020 Jun 25;15(1):164. doi: 10.1186/s13023-020-01362-3. PMID: 32586397; PMCID: PMC7318734.
  • Langer 2009 J Pediatr Surg. 2009 Jan; 44(1):270, in the discussion of: Yamataka A, Kaneyama K, Fujiwara N, Hayashi Y, Lane GJ, Kawashima K, Okazaki T. Rectal mucosal dissection during transanal pull-through for Hirschsprung disease: the anorectal or the dentate line? J Pediatr Surg. 2009 Jan;44(1):266-9; discussion 270. doi: 10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2008.10.054. PMID: 19159754.
  • Langer JC, Durrant AC, de la Torre L, Teitelbaum DH, Minkes RK, Caty MG, Wildhaber BE, Ortega SJ, Hirose S, Albanese CT. One-stage transanal Soave pullthrough for Hirschsprung disease: a multicenter experience with 141 children. Ann Surg. 2003 Oct;238(4):569-83; discussion 583-5. doi: 10.1097/01.sla.0000089854.00436.cd. PMID: 14530728; PMCID: PMC1360115.
  • Langer JC. Hirschsprung disease. Curr Opin Pediatr. 2013 Jun;25(3):368-74. doi: 10.1097/MOP.0b013e328360c2a0. PMID: 23615177.
  • Levitt MA, Dickie B, Peña A. The Hirschsprungs patient who is soiling after what was considered a “successful” pull-through. Semin Pediatr Surg. 2012 Nov;21(4):344-53. doi: 10.1053/j.sempedsurg.2012.07.009. PMID: 22985840.
  • Martin LW, Fischer JE, Sayers HJ, Alexander F, Torres MA. Anal continence following Soave procedure. Analysis of results in 100 patients. Ann Surg. 1986 May;203(5):525-30. doi: 10.1097/00000658-198605000-00012. PMID: 3707231; PMCID: PMC1251161.
  • Miyano G, Koga H, Okawada M, Doi T, Sueyoshi R, Nakamura H, Seo S, Ochi T, Yamada S, Imaizumi T, Lane GJ, Okazaki T, Urao M, Yamataka A. Rectal mucosal dissection commencing directly on the anorectal line versus commencing above the dentate line in laparoscopy-assisted transanal pull-through for Hirschsprung’s disease: Prospective medium-term follow-up. J Pediatr Surg. 2015 Dec;50(12):2041-3. doi: 10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2015.08.022. Epub 2015 Aug 28. PMID: 26386879.
  • Rialon KL, Langer JC. Pullthrough pitfalls in treating Hirschsprung disease. World J Pediatr Surg. 2024 Sep 13;7(3):e000862. doi: 10.1136/wjps-2024-000862. PMID: 39286526; PMCID: PMC11404145.
  • Rossi D, Löf Granström A, Teunissen NM, Wijnen RMH, Wester T, Sloots CEJ. Bridging the Gap: A Systematic Review on Reporting Baseline Characteristics, Process, and Outcome Parameters in Rectosigmoid Hirschsprung’s Disease. Eur J Pediatr Surg. 2024 Apr;34(2):189-198. doi: 10.1055/a-2198-9050. Epub 2023 Oct 26. PMID: 37884061.
  • Saadai P, Trappey AF, Goldstein AM, Cowles RA, De La Torre L, Durham MM, Huang EY, Levitt MA, Rialon K, Rollins M, Rothstein DH, Langer JC; American Pediatric Surgical Association Hirschsprung Disease Interest Group. Guidelines for the management of postoperative soiling in children with Hirschsprung disease. Pediatr Surg Int. 2019 Aug;35(8):829-834. doi: 10.1007/s00383-019-04497-y. Epub 2019 Jun 14. PMID: 31201486.
  • Stelzner, Heinze, Wedel Anatomie und Physiologie der Anorektalregion; in: Ommer, A, Mölle B (Ed.): Chirurgische Proktologie, Springer 4. Auflage 2025
  • Stensrud KJ, Emblem R, Bjørnland K. Anal endosonography and bowel function in patients undergoing different types of endorectal pull-through procedures for Hirschsprung disease. J Pediatr Surg. 2015 Aug;50(8):1341-6. doi: 10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2014.12.024. Epub 2015 Jan 8. PMID: 25783406.
  • Takeda M, Koga H, Lane GJ, Tanaka N, Nagakawa Y, Okazaki T, Urao M, Yamataka A. 
  • Historical aspects of anatomic landmarks during pull-through for hirschsprung disease: focusing on resection levels of the aganglionic rectum and rectal cuff issues. 
  • Pediatr Surg Int. 2025 Nov 17;42(1):14.
  • Takeda M, Ochi T, Koga H, Tsuboi K, Arakawa A, Lane GJ, Yamataka A. Biopsy Diagnosis of Hirschsprung’s Disease Using a Single Excisional Biopsy Based on the Anorectal Line. Eur J Pediatr Surg. 2024 Jun;34(3):274-281. doi: 10.1055/a-2065-9071. Epub 2023 Mar 30. PMID: 36996880.
  • Trzpis M, Sun G, Chen JH, Huizinga JD, Broens P. Novel insights into physiological mechanisms underlying fecal continence. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol. 2023 Jan 1;324(1):G1-G9. doi: 10.1152/ajpgi.00313.2021. Epub 2022 Oct 25. PMID: 36283962.
  • Verkuijl SJ, Hoff C, Furnée EJB, Kelder W, Hess DA, Wit F, Zijlstra RJ, Trzpis M, Broens PMA. Anastomotic Height Is a Valuable Indicator of Long-term Bowel Function Following Surgery for Rectal Cancer. Dis Colon Rectum. 2023 Feb 1;66(2):221-232. doi: 10.1097/DCR.0000000000002168. Epub 2022 Dec 13. PMID: 35714360; PMCID: PMC9829038.
  • Verkuijl SJ, Trzpis M, Broens PMA. The anorectal defaecation reflex: a prospective intervention study. Colorectal Dis. 2022 Jul;24(7):845-853. doi: 10.1111/codi.16101. Epub 2022 Mar 2. PMID: 35194918; PMCID: PMC9541108.
  • Yamataka A, Kaneyama K, Fujiwara N, Hayashi Y, Lane GJ, Kawashima K, Okazaki T. Rectal mucosal dissection during transanal pull-through for Hirschsprung disease: the anorectal or the dentate line? J Pediatr Surg. 2009 Jan;44(1):266-9; discussion 270. doi: 10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2008.10.054. PMID: 19159754.
  • Yamataka A, Yazaki Y, Koga H, Lane GJ, Ochi T. How best to expose the entire surgical anal canal in the operative field during transanal pull-through for Hirschsprung’s disease: a crucial step that determines success. Pediatr Surg Int. 2019 Feb;35(2):199-202. doi: 10.1007/s00383-018-4395-1. Epub 2018 Nov 1. PMID: 30386904.
  • Yokota K, Amano H, Kudo T, Yamamura T, Tanaka Y, Tainaka T, Shirota C, Sumida W, Makita S, Takimoto A, Nakamura M, Fujishiro M, Hinoki A, Uchida H. A novel Lugol’s iodine staining technique to visualize the upper margin of the surgical anal canal intraoperatively for Hirschsprung disease: a case series. BMC Surg. 2020 Dec 4;20(1):317. doi: 10.1186/s12893-020-00986-3. PMID: 33276766; PMCID: PMC7718680.